HUN ZUI-A KAWLGAM OM ZIA( AD 1044- SEP 2007 ) by zomizolai
HUN ZUI-A KAWLGAM OM ZIA
( AD 1044- Sep 2007 )
- Sia Khup Khan Thang ( Kaptel )
Kawlgam omzia pen Kawllai Manglai tawh a kigelhna tampi omkhin a hih manin thuthak hi peuhmah lo hi. Kei’ batkhop ciang ka kaihkhop hi a, kicing kim zo peuhmah lo ding hi.
Pagan ah Anawratha ( Anuradha ? ) kumpi a suah 1044 CE kum pan ki panin gam zapi hong gawm zo ahih manin ama hun panin i pan ding hi. Tua panin Kawl kumpi in gam uk toto hi.
Mangkang kumpi in 1924 kumin Kawlgam hong sim a, February 24, 1826 ni-in kilemna bawl a, “ Yandabo Treary “ kici hi. 1852 kumin hong sim leuleu a, Kawlgam khanglam teng la uh hi. November 14, 1885 ni-in a thumvei na sim ding hong kipan a, November 29, 16/885 ni-in Kawl kumpi nunung Thibaw manin December 3, 1885 ni-in “ Kawlgam pen Mangkang kumpite’ khut nuai tung hi” ci-in tangko khia hi. 1896 kum in Zanggam ah gal a bei hangin Zogam, Kachin gamte ah do phasan lai uh hi.
Gamdang mite ukna nuai-a om pen noplohna tam lua ahih manin gammite’ thutheihna hong khang a, 1906 kum ciang in Yangon khua-ah U Ba Pe, Dr Ba Yin, U Maung Gyi, U Sein Hla Aung, U Hla Pe leh Khangno mipil hon khat in YMBA ( Young Men’s Buddhist Association ) hong phuankhia hi. Gam ading phattuamna hong sem uh a, 1911 kum pan a hawmkhiat uh Thuriya tadensa tung tawnin mi tampi hong lunglut uh hi. 1918 kumin zin ling a, Pegu khuapi-a tattung ( pagoda ) khat a kisia pen kumpi Sir Reginald Craddock in khedap suah lopi-in a va etna panin gammite phun gawpin, Yangon Jubileee innpi-ah kikhawmin lungkim lohna pulak uh hi.
Leitung Galpi khatna sungin gam ki-ukna lam puah phatna thugen dingin India ah Mangkang vuanzi Montagu a pai ciangin, YMBA panin U Ba Pe, U Mau Aung makai-in tangmi pawl khat zong India-ah pai-in vuanzipa leh kumpi Chelmsford tawh va kimu uh hi. India leh Kawlgam a ki-uk khawm pen a tuama ki-uk nading a nget uh hangin vaihawmna-ah Kawlgam thu kihel kha lo hi. 1919 kum ciangin U Ba Pe, U Tun Sein, U Pu-te London khuapi-ah pai-in va ngen uh a, ngah tuan lo uh hi. 1920 kum ciangin U Ba Pe, U Puh, U Thein Maung-te London vapai kikin a nget uh ciangin, vuanzi Montagu in 1919 kuma kibawl India upadi pen kawlgamah zong kizang hen, ci-in na kamciam pan hi.
1920 kum YMBA kikhop a giatveina-ah YMBA pen GCBA ( General Council of Burmese Association ) ci-in laih uh hi. GCBA in ei leh ei ki-ukna ( Home Rule ) ngah nading in hong hanciam uh hi. Tua zawh ciangin Mangkang kumpi in ki-ukna a zat Dyarchy hangin GCBA phelnih suak hi. ( Dyarchy= Kumpi’ seh leh mipi’ teel kigawm ) Tua pawl nihte pen Home Rule a deih U Chit Hlaing pawl leh Dyarchy a deih U Ba Pe pawlte ahi uh hi. Dyarchy ki-ukna puahpha dingin Whyte Committee te leh Prince Wales hong pai ciangin Home Rule a deih U Chit Hlaing pawl in nial uh hi. Tua nung ciangin phungzite pawl, U Chit Hlaing pawl, U Soe Thein pawl, U Suu pawl ci-in GCBA hong kitam lailai hi. Tua ahih manin 1930 kum pan kipan GCBA in sepzawh bangmah nei nawn lo hi.
Kawlgam ah 1920 kum dong sangpi om nailo hi. Calcutta sangpi nuai-a om Yangon College leh Judson College bek om pan hi. Mangkangte in a kicingin pilna ong sinsak loh ciangin December 5, 1920 ni-in sangnaupangte in deih na pulakin kitom uh hi. Tua huhau-in mun tuamtuamah sangpi sangneu hong piang khia hi.
GCBA hong kitap gawp ciangin Yangon khua, Bahan vengah Thakhin Ba Thaung leh khangno pawl khat in May 30, 1930 ni-in Kawlmi kipawlna phuan uh hi. 1930 leh 1935 kikal teng a makai Thakhin Ba Thaung, Thakhin Tun Oh, Thakhin Ba Sein,Thakhin Lay Maung-te ahi uh hi. 1935 kum bei kuan lamin College sangnaupang Thakhin Aung San, Thakhin Nu, Thakhin Ba Thein-te hong lutthuah uh a, hong pisuah semsem hi. Kawlgamah Nasemte’ Ni ( May Day ) pen hih pawlte makaihna tawh May 1, 1928 ni-in kibawl masa pen hi. 1938 kum ciangin kipawlna pen Thakhin Ko Daw Hmaing pawl leh Thakhin Tun Oh- Thakhin Ba Sein Pawl ci-in phel nih kisuah leuleu hi. Tua ahih manin Mangkang kumpi in 1941 kumin a thuman lo kipawlna ci-in gensia gawp hi.
1921 kum ciangin Company tuamtuamte kipawl khawmin buhlei buhzuakna ( Bullinger Pool ) phuanin kawlgama buh piang khempeuh amau khut sungah zeek uh a, lokhote in bangmahpi lawhtak lo uh hi. Tua bangpi mah tawh lokhote tung panin siah tampipi dong lai uh hi. Lokhote in thuak zo nawn loin Saya San in lokhote omdan a muh bangin GCBA ah U Soe Thein pulak sak a, a ngetna bangin kimang lo ahih manin Saya San paikhia-in Mangkangte langpan ding geelsim hi.
Kumpi sempak Sir J.A. Maung Gyi in December 21, 1930 ni-in Thayawaddi khawmpi-ah lokhote ading noptuamna vaihawm sak zo kei ning, a cih ciangin December 22, 1930 ni-in Saya San makai-in kumpi langpan uh hi. Tua ciangin a gam vuah a khuanciah Sir Charles Innes, Kawlgamah hong ciah mengmengin lokhote noptuam nading hong vaihawm hi. 1931
August sungin Saya San leh makai pawl khat kimanin Thayawaddi ah khailum uh hi.
Mangkangte in namgimtui a deih zahzah uh la napi, nasemte in thaman gina sanglo, meivak ding nangawn nei lo, a omna uh inndei toilua, zum khakni kikhiam ahih manin 1938 kum kipat lamin namgim khuk nasemte’ langpan na hong piang hi. January 8, 1938 ni-in Chauk namgim khuk panin hong kipankhia a, November 30, 1938 ni-in Thakhin Po Hla Gyi makai-in namgim
khuk nasem 2000 valte khe tawh pai-in tai 400 a gamla Yangon ah January 8, 1939 ni-in tung uh hi. February 10, 1939 ni-in zong Mandalay ah phungzi te kikhawmin deihna lak uh a, galkapte in kapin mi 17 si hi.
1939 kumin Europe gam sungah leitung Galpi Nihna hong ping hi. September 1, 1939 ni-in Kawlmi kipawlna kikhop kibawl a, suahtakna a deih khempeuh kigawm khawmin kipawlna neih ding hoih kisa a, October 1, 1939 ni-in Burma Freedom Bloc phuan uh hi. Dr Ba Maw in secretary sem hi. A simthamin Communist pawl, Thakhin Mya makaih PRP ( People’s
Revolutionary Party ) zong kiphuan hi.
1940 Kumin suahtakna a deih makai pawl khat kimanin thongah khumin nakpi takin kibawlsia hi. Zalone khua ah Zogam thu tawh kisai-in a genna hangin Thakhin Aung San, matdingin a sawm uh hangin man zo lo uh hi. Khangnote in thauvui thautang zat ding hoih sa uh ahih manin Thakhin Aung San leh Thakhin Hla Myang 1940 kim August in meel kiseelin Norway tembaw Hailee tawh Sengam Anoy ah pai uh hi. Anoy ah a om sungun Kawlgam-a PRP pawlte leh Mr Minami kithuza kha uh hi. Mr Minami i cih pen Japan gam Tomiuri tadensa-a gamdang thukan kineih, Kawlgam thukan Japan bu Suzuki ahi hi. PRP te genna hangin Suzuki leh Thakhin Aung
San, Japan gamah kimu uh a, Kawlgam suahtak nading thu kikum uh hi.
1941 kum kipat lamin Thakhin Aung San, Kawlgamah hong ciahsim hi. PRP te tawh kikumin Khangno 30te khen 4 kisuahin Japan ah sam a, Hainang leh Taiwan tuikulh ah kha 5 sung galkap dan sinsak hi.
Tua hun laitakin Japante in December 7, 1941 ni-in zasak khol lopi-in America te omna Pearl tembaw khawlna bomb tawh denggawp uh hi. Tua thu hangin Galpi Nihna in Asia gam zong hong lawhsuak hi. Galkap 30te Thailand gam Bangkok ah kituah uh a, tua lai-ah sisan tawh kiciamin tuisia dawn uh a, December 27, 1941 ni-in BIA ( Kawlgam Suahtakna Galkap ) phuan uh hi.
BIA pawlte PRP tawh kizom dingin Bu Ne Win leh galkap 7te hong maciah in 1942 February kipat lamin Yangon hongtung uh a, Mangkang kumpite do dingin hong sawmsim uh hi. Boyoke Aung San makaih BIA te 1942 kum kipat lam mahin Japan galkapte tawh Kawlgamah hong lut uh hi. Japante in suahtakna hong piak loh banah hong tatsia zawsop uh hi. Mangkangte India gamah nungkin uh hi. Japante in July 27, 1942 ni-in BIA pen BDA ( Burma Denfence Army )ci-in a mimal 23000 panin 3000 khiapsak hiau hi.
August 1, 1943 ni-in Japante in Kawlgam suahtakna a minin pia pong hi. Kawlmite ki-uk loin amau mah in hong uk uh a, a ututin hong bawlin hong that uh hi. Kawl galkapte pen BIA- BDA panin BNA ( Burma National Army ) ci-in laihsak toto hi. Japante hong luta kipan Thakhin Thein Pe, Thakhin Tin Shwe leh makai pawl khat India-ah pai-in Mangkang galkap ( Allied
Forces ) makaite tawh va kimu uh hi.
1944 kum August ciangin Japan langpan kipawlna AFC ( Anti-Facist Organization ) kiphuan a, Party tuamtuamte kigawm khawm uh hi. 1945 kum kipat lamin Mangkangte tung panin galhiam kingah a, Rakhaing leh Gunkhawm lamah honglut uh hi. Tua hunin Kawlgamah Japante ukna
mah kizang lai a, Boyoke Aung San makai-in Japante hawlkhiat ding vaihawm sim leuleu uh hi. Boyoke Aung San makaih galkapte in March 17, 1945 ni-in Japante do ding khensat uh hi. April 12, 1945 ni-in Kawlgam bupin a kituakin do ding ci-in a kiciam uh pen Mangkang galkapte gamgi
panin hong lutkhin uh ahih manin Bohmugyi Ba Htu March 8, 1945 ni-in Japante do na kipan hi. Tua ahih manin kiciam ni malepin March 17 ni-in Japante kido a, Kawlgam pan kihawl khia hi.
Suahtak ngahna ( 1945-1949 )
Mangkang kumpi Kawlgamah hong lutkik ciangin galkap ki-ukna mah tawh hong uk phot uh hi. May 17, 1945 ni-in lutang khat thuneihna tawh ki-uk ding thu pulak hi. Tua pen Dyarchy dinmun bang bek hi-in gam mite lungkim loin sa ngeingai uh hi. August 12, 1945 ni-in galkapmang teng
kikhopna kibawl a, AFO tawh kipawl ding thukimin August 19, 1945 ni-in Boyoke Aung San ma-kai in khawmpi bawl a, geelnate a gen ciangin gammi khempeuh thakhat thu-in lungkim pah uh hi. August 18, 1945 ni leh 1946 January kha sungin khawmpi om kik a, AFO pan in AFPFL ( Anti
-Facist People’s Freedom League ) - Phah Sah Lah, ci-in a min laih uh hi.
Asia khang nisuahna lam galkapmang Lord Mountbatten in Kawlgam galkap phuat nading thu kikum dingin Boyoke Aung San leh makai pawl khat Ceylon ( Sri Lanka ) ah sam a, September 7, 1945 ni-in thukimna letmat thuh uh hi.
Kumpi Sir Dorman Smith, England ah ciah a, ama munah Sir Hubert Rance hong tung hi. Amah in AFPFL te tawh kigawmin kumpi hong phuan hi. Mangkang vuanzi Attlee sapna bangin Boyoke Aung San leh a pawlte London ah pai uh a, suahtakna piak dingin letmat thuh uh hi. Aung San-
Attlee thukimna pen Galone U Saw leh Thakhin Ba Sein te in nialin kipawlna panin paikhia uh hi. Vuanzilui Dr Ba Maw, Sir Paw Tun te tawh kipawlin langpan uh a, langpan zo loin lungham den uh hi. Zanggam leh mualtung gam teng kigawmin suahtakna ngah khatin ngah khop nadingin February
9-12, 1947 ni 4 sung Shan gam Pinlong khua-ah khawmpi kibawl a, gam khata dingin thukimna February 12, ni-in gam makai 23 te letmat thuh uh hi. Tua 23 te in:
1) Boyoke Aung San
2) Saohpalong of Hsamoghkam State
3) Saohpalong of Tawngpeng State
4) Saohpalong of Yawnghwe State
5) Saohpalong of Laihka
6) Saohpalong of Mongpawn State
7) Representative of Hsahtung ( Saohpalong Hkun Pung )
8) Saohpalong North Hsenwi
9) Labang Grong-----------------------------Bhamo
10) Zau La---------------------------------------Bhamo
11) Zau Lawn-----------------------------------Bhamo
12) Dingratang----------------------------------Myitkyina
13) Zau Rip -------------------------------------Myitkyina
14) Sinwa Naw---------------------------------Myitkyina
15) U Tin E
16) Sao Yape Hpa
17) U Kya Bu
18) U Htun Myint
19) U Hkun Htee
20) U Hkun Saw
21) U Hlur Hmung-------------------Falam
22) U Thawng Za Khup ------------Tedim
23) U Kio Mang ----------------------Hakha ahi uh hi.
1947 kum April kha sungin gambup kiteelna om a, AFPEL te in zo hi. Boyoke Aung San leh a pawlte gam ki-uk nading upadi bawl a, Secretariat zum sungah a om laitakun U Saw sawltakte in Boyoke Aung San te pawl july 19, 1947 ni-in va kaplum uh hi. Tua a si mi 9te in:
1) Boyoke Aung San
2) Thakhin Mya
3) U Ba Ohu
4) U Rajah
5) Mann Ba Khine
6) Sat San Tun
7) U Ba Win
8) U Ohn Maung leh
9) Yebaw Maung Twe ( kongcingpa ) ahi uh hi.
Gam vaihawmna pen AFPFL te mahin len uh a, Aungust 29, 1947 ni-in Bo Let Kya leh John Flaming te in galkap aana ap nading thukimna letmat thuh uh hi. 0ctober 17, 1947 ni ciangin vuanzichoh Thakhin Nu le Mangkang vuanzi Attlee te in Kawlgam suahtakna ngah nading
thukimna letmat thuh leuleu uh hi. Tua bangin January 4, 1948 ni zingsang nai 4:20 hunin Kawlgam in suahtakna ngah hi.
AFPFL te in 1948 pan 1958 dong ki-ukna hoih takin len zo uh hi. Ahi zongin Communist galkapte, KNDO, MNDO cih bangin gam sung beelin kumpi langpang uh hi. Communist te in do masa pen uh hi. 1946 kumin thauvui thautang tawh suahtakna ngah a sawm Thakhin Soe pawl leh AFPFL te tawh panghuan a, suahtakna a ngah nuam pawl, ci-in Communist te
kitam leuleu hi. Thakhin Soe pawl pen dialsan, Thakhin Than Tun pawl pen dialkang ci-in kiminphuah hi. Dialsante 1946, dialkangte 1948 kumin gam sung beel uh hi. 1948 kum February kha mahin gammi galkapte a kang pawl leh a eng pawl ci-in kitam leuleu hi. A kangte Bu Lah Young leh Bu Po Kun in makaihin a engte Buhmu Aung leh Bu Sein Hnan te in makaih hi. A kangte in july 26, 1948 ni-in kumpi langpan hi. Tua zawh nipi nih ciangin kumpi galkap pawlkhat in gam sung beel uh hi.
Tua zawh ciangin Karente kipan leuleu hi. Saw Ba U Gyi leh Karen mipi in Karen minam ki pawlna ( KNU ) phuan a, AFPFL panin taikhia hi. PM U Nu in a kamciam sa bangin Karen minam Boyoke Smith Dun pen Kawlgam galkapmang lianpen suak sak hi. Karente lungkim tuan loin KNDO ( Karen National Defence Organization ) phuan a, galhiam tawh kipanin Karen gam a tuamin din’ nading ngen hi. 1948 july kha ciangin gal kipan hi. Tua ciangin Kumpi in Boyoke Smith Dun munah Boyoke Ne Win koih hi. Karen vuanzi nih zong tawpsak hi. A ma-sa lamin Karen galkapte mainawtin Maymyo, Mandalay, Taungoo, Insein khuapite a lak zawh uh hangin, Zomi galkapte hong kipat petmah ciangin nang zolo uh a, nungkinin a laksa khuapite nangawn khahsuah kik uh hi. Tuni dongin Zomite tungah Karente khasia lai hi, cih leh Zomi galkapte sisan naisan hangin Kawlgam kumpi a dingkik zo hi, cih phawkhuai hi.
Tua banah Mon te, Pa-oh te cih bang kumpi langpang dingin kipan ngeingai napi, pum khat suak zo lo ih ahih manin a gualzo om tuanlo hi. 1949 kumin Sen gamah Communist te a gualzawh ciangin a kidempih Kuomingtang ( KMT ) pawlte guallelin Taiwan tuikhuh beel uh hi. Yunan gama KMT te 1950 kumin Kawlgam sungah hong lut uh hi. May 25, 1950 ni-in gamgi-a om Kyukoh khuapi hong sim hi. Kawl kumpi in Taiwan ah hong puak nung, ci-in thu a piak hangin utlo uh a, 1950-1951 sungin KMT te hongtam semsem ciangin, kumpi in 1952 January kha-in UNO ah khia hi. UNO in koihkhong lo ding a cih hangin sempah lo a, 1953 April kha-in Kawl kumpi in genpha kik hi. Kawl galkapte in nakpi takin do a, 1956 kum ciangin Kawlgam sungah KMT 3000 bang bek om lai hi.
AFPFL Kitamkham
Ngimna tupna kibanglo hi loin Laiatpi sem ding kithutuah lohna hangin 1958 April kha-in AFPFL pawl nihin kitam hi. U Nu leh Thakhin Tin makaih pawl Nu-Tin kici ( AFPFL siangtho kici ) a, U Ba Shwe leh U Kyaw Nyein makaih pawl Shwe-Nyein ( AFPFL kip ) kici hi. Tua bang in Nu-Tin pawl leh Shwe-Nyein pawlte nakpi takin kidem uh hi. 1958 June kha sungin U Nu kumpi muanhuai kei, ci-in Shwe-Nyein pawl in Lotdaw khawmpi samsakin mee khia uh a, Nu-Tin pawl in zo veve hi. Tua ciangin U Nu in 1958 November kha-in kiteelpina bawl ding ci-in tangko hi. Nu-Tin pawl in gamsung beelte hong ciahkik peuhpeuh suahtak sak nading August 1, 1958
ni-in genkhia hi. August 15, 1958 ni-in Communist pawl khat hong ciahpah hi. Gam sung daihna a om loh ciangin PM U Nu in kiteelpi ding 1959 April kha ah khinto hi. September 26, 1958 ni-in U Nu a zaa pan tawpin General Ne Win tungah aana ap hi.
INNCING KUMPI ( 1958-1960 )
PM U Nu apna bangin Gen. Ne Win in sang a, October 28, 1958 ni-in Lotdaw kikhop sam in inncing kumpi phuan hi. Gen. Ne Win in vuanzichoh semin ulian 14 kihel in galkap ulian 150 te in huh hi. November 1, 1958 ni panin gamkee gamkhen vaihawm ding seh a, gam sung dai-in gamsung beelte zong hong ciah uh hi. 1960 February kha sungin thuman takin Lotdaw keteelna bawl a, Nu-Tin te in zo ahih manin inncing kumpi in aana apkik hi. U Nu in vuanzichoh semin vuanzi 13 seh hi. Ahi zongin inncing kumpi huna makai galkap bute in zong nuam sa man veve uh ahih manin Bu pawl leh U ( Thakhin ) pawl ci-in kitam kik leuleu uh hi.
Gamsung beelte hong thahat kik hi. 1960 November kha-in KMT te Kyaingdung gamah hong lutkik hi. Tuate US in panpih hi, cih kithei ahih manin UNO ah kikhia hi. U Nu in mee a zon lai-in Buddist biakna pen gambup biakna suaksak ning, ci-in a kamciam tangtung sak nuamin biakna
dangte lungkim lo hi. ( Khristian biakna makaite vaihawmna tawh pawlpi kimah lai hongkihawm a, 1961 kum sungin, hun kibangin thu kingen hi. Tua i thungetna Topa in hong dawnga, U Nu pen kihemkhia pah hi, cih pen kei’ upna ahi hi ).
1961 June kha sungin Shan ukpi Sat Shwe leh Sat Hkun Cho te makai-in Federal suahtakna ngen tek dingin minam tawm teng kaikhawmin Taunggyi khua-ah khawmpi bawl hi. Ahi zongin Zomi, Kachin leh Karen makaite ut lo uh hi. Federal suahtakna vai kikum dingin March 1, 1962 ni-in Yangon ah khawmpi kibawl a, suahtakna nongpiak kei uh leh Kawlgam panin kikhen khia nung ci-in ukpi pawl khat in pulaak uh hi. ( Suahtakna a ngah khawmsa pen thudam tawh suakta kik thei nawn lo hi leh kilawm hi).
Tua bangin Kawlgam sung hong hi zelzul ciangin galkap kumpi in March 2, 1962 ni-in Kawlgam kemkik hi. March 3, 1962 ni-in Lotdaw phiat a, March 30, 1962 ni-in thukhen zumpite phiat hi. Party tuamtuamte zong phiat a, july 4, 1962 ni-in BSPP ( Burma Socialist Program Party ) phuan hi. July 1, 193 ni-in Nainganzi sangpi kihong hi.
Mangkang te hong uk lai-a kipan i gam’ neihsa innmun logam, hauhna khempeuh gamdang mite ( Sen, Kala ) te in luah uh a, gammite zawngkhalin midangte’ khutnuai-ah guallel zaw-in ki om hi. Buhlei hoih khempeuh gamdang mihaute khut sungah om zaw hi. Galkap kumpi hong khan’
ciangin sumbuk, setzung, company, private sangte leh leitang khempeuh April 9, 1964 ni-in gammite’ neihsa suak sak ( nationalized ) hi.
1964 April kha-in Myone Party Unit kiphuanin nasem uh a, May 17-24, 1964 sung teng sum K 100 lai leh K 50 lai kisi sakin a tawmte ( K 2500/- nuai siah ) kumpi ih lohkik hi. December 4, 1968 ni-in kumpite ngaihsutna a pia ding ulian 33 kiteel a, bangmah phattuam khollo hi. BSPP hong khang semsem a, April 30, 1971 ni-in gambup party suaksak hi. Tua hun laitakin U Thant (UNO-GS ) a sisa-in Kawlgamah hong kipuak a, a luang vui nading tawh kisai in sangnaupangte leh galkap kumpi kitelkhialhna lianpi piang dektak hi. Sangnaupangte in U Thant luangpen kumpi sivui ngeina tawh vui ding deih uh hi.
1981 kum ciangin Gen. Ne Win gambup lutang hih na panin tawpin, a galkap puan suah a, BSPP Chairman sem suak veve hi. Gam makai pawl khatte’ khemna tawh U Ne WIn in i gam a khangto mahmah takpi sa kha hi. U Ne Win bek hiloin ulian khat peuhpeuh a zin nading khuate-ah sumbukte van teng kawmin Canteen ( Procos ) ah a kilawm dingin na lak uh a, a ciah khit ciangin vanteng a neite tungah kipia kik tazen hi. Gam sung omzia taktak Brigadier Aung Gyi in laibu-in gelh a, 1987 kum ciangin U Ne Win tung ah pia hi. Tua laibu a simna tawh gam omzia a telciangin U Ne Win heh mah mah a, nasep zia puahpha dingin kimuh khopna bawl hi. Gam sung zawnna leh a khutnuai-a nasemte sepziate hangin U Ne Win khasia mahmah a,Party khat tawh khangto lo i hih leh, Party tuamtuam ( Multi-Party Democracy ) tawh kalsuan ding i hi hiam, ci kha hi.
Tua hun mahin Kawlgam susia nuam gam sung beelte in Kawlgam do nadingin sum awn 900 val nei ta hi, cih thu U Ne Win in a zaksim ciangin, gam lutangpi teng zingsapin mee khiasak a, Kawlgam sum K 75 lai, K 35 lai, K 25 lai thakhat thu-in committee thukimna tawh Brigadier Sein Lwin in min thuhin September 5, 1987 zingsangin sisak ziau a, gammi khempeuh kilinglawng hi.
1988 kum March kha-in RIT sangnaupang khat a kikap lupna hangin sang naupangte lungso gawp uh ahih manin sangpi khempeuh kikhak hi. Tua zawh ni 12 ciangin sangneute zong kikhak hi. June kha ciangin kihong kik hi. July 23, 1988 ni-in U Ne Win munah Brigadier Sein Lwin Kawlgam lutang hongsuak hi. August 3, 1988 ni-in Yangon khua Sule Pagoda kimah mi honpi kikhawmin Sein Lwin a tawp nading leh nainganzi makai thongkiate khakkhiat nading ngen uh hi. August 8, 1988 ni-in ( 8.8.88 ) ni-in sang naupangte leh nasem honpi kisosuah kik a, palikte in kham uh hi. Sein Lwin in ni 18 a sep khit August 12, 1988 ni ciangin, ama taangin Dr Maung
Maung gam lutang hong suak leuleu hi. August 22, 1988 ni ciangin , mipite- in Party namkimzat ding ngenin lamdungah awng uh hi.
Mandalay ah phungzite makai-in lamdung mah zui uh a, Mergwe, Prome, Sittwe, Taunggyi, Moulmein leh khua tuamtuamte-ah zong lamdung zuih otna om hi. August 24, 1988 ni-in Dr Maung Maung in BSPP khawmpi September 12, 1988 ni-in bawlding leh, tua lai-ah BSPP maw, Party tuam tuam koizaw zang ding cih kikupna om dingin gen hi. Mipite in ngakzo nawn
loin kiteelpina bawl ding ngen uh hi. Tua bang zelzul laitak in Daw Suu Kyi in zong Democracy paizia tangkona nei hi. A mun munah kiso suahna om kawikawi hi. Tua ahih manin Dr Maung Maung leh BSPP te mainawt thei nawn lo ta uh hi. ( Dr Maung Maung’ geelna bangin mipi a ngak zo hileh, thuhoih khatpeuh a piang zaw tam, cih pen mi tampite ngaihsutna ahi hi) .
September 18, 1988 ni-in galkap kumpi in SLORC ( State Law and Order Restoration Council ) hong phuanin Kawlgam kemkik uh hi. Tua panin Gen. Saw Maung in gam lutang hong sem a, 1922 April kha ciangin Gen . Saw Maung’ munah Gen. Than Shwe in gam lutang hongsem hi.
1994 kumin ASEAN gamte in Kawlgam pen pawlhuamin koih a, 1997 july kha ciangin pawlkipin sang hi. Gam sung beel sangnaupangte ( 1948, 1961, 1974 ) te kipawl khawmin November 5, 1988 ni-in ABSDF ( All Burma Students Democratic Front ) phuan uh hi.
1990 KITEEL PI NA
Galkap kumpi in Party kiphuan thei, a cih ciangin party tampi phazuai hi. Party lianzaw deuh NUP ( National Unity Party ) pen September 24, 1989 ni-in kiphuan hi. NLDD pen Daw Aung San Suu Kyi, U Tin Oo leh U Aung Gyi-te in makaih hi. Aung Gyi paikhia-in aituam party UNDP ( Union of National Democratic Party ) tawh ding hi. Hih kiteelna pen SLORC mahin makaih hi. A kiteel makaite pen tuni dongin ( 2007 ) kumpi suak tuan lo uh hi.
Kiteel na pen May 17, 1990 kibawl a, NLD party in mun 425 lak pan mun 372 ngah hi. NUP in mun sawm khawng ngah hi. SLORC in National Convention neih ding geel a, a masa pen 1993 January kha-in kibawl hi. Tua lai-ah taangmi 700 val kah hi.
SPDC ( State Peace and Development Council )
Galkap kumpi in SLORC pan SPDC ci-in November 15, 1997 ni-in, a min khel hi.Tua Committee ah Senior General Than Shwe , General Maung Aye, General Khin Nyunt a kihel mi 19 kiseh uh hi. Gen. Khin Nyunt pen October 18, 2004 ni-in a panmun PM panin khawl a, ama’ mun ah Gen. Soe Win in sem hi. Kumpi in National Convention a ban banin bawl a, August 18, 2007
ni-in kipanin September 3, 2007 ni a kiman khawmpi pen a nunung pen dingin gen uh hi.
Mai lamah i gam a nuam zaw semsem dingin hong vaihawm ding uh hi, ci-in i lamen hi.
Etkak laibu te:
1) Standard Eight History; Basic Education Curriculum and Text Book Commitee,
2) The Exodus Paradigm; Pau Za Khup , 1954 Madarsa Road, Kasmere Gate, Delhi
3) Sukte Chronicle ( Vol. VIII )
Interview with:
- Pu Pau Do Nang : Formerly Secertary, Party Regional Committee,
Chin State,
- Pu Kai Do Pau: Formerly Party Cadre, Myone Party Unit, Tedim
[ Sia Khup Khan Thang pen- lai lam tawh kisai tangthu tampi a theih
banah tu laitakin Tedim Bethel AG Pawlpi sungah lai lam nasepna
tawh Pasian’ na sem hi. Tedim khua TCF ( Tedim Christian
Fellowship ) kipawlna-ah lai-at sem hi. ]